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1
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- Faith Formation
- St. Michael the Archangel
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2
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- … is only one source/one font of Revelation: God who speaks to us
through Word and Deed.
- … is that orally transmitted and handed-down experiences of the
Disciples of Jesus we call Tradition.
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3
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- … those transmitted and handed-down experiences of prophets, priests,
leaders and Apostles preserved in that writing we call the Bible or Sacred
Scripture.
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4
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- From the Latin, tredere … “to hand on.”
- That part of the Word of God transmitted to the Apostles by Jesus
Christ, transmitted by the successors of the Apostles and the early
Church under the influence of the Holy Spirit but not explicit in
Scripture.
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5
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- … is dynamic, not static.
- … develops or grows.
- Examples:
- Perpetual virginity of Mary.
- Immaculate Conception.
- Assumption.
- Apostolic Succession.
- Papal Infallibility.
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6
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- Why Catholics don’t read the Bible
- Vulgate, Latin translation by St. Jerome, 390-405 A.D.
- Douai-Rheims, English language Bible, 16th-17th
Century
- Jerusalem Bible in English, 1966
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7
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- Bible literally "the Book" [biblia],Latin.
- Borrowed from the Greek “τά
βίβλία, ta biblia" translated
"the books" or "the collected writings."
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8
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- The parts or books of the Bible, esp. the Old Testament, were built up
over time, added to and edited over a long period.
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9
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- Two major divisions : the Old Testament and the New Testament.
- The word "testament" means a contract, or better still a covenant
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10
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- The New Testament = the covenant bond est. through the teaching,
passion, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
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11
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- The Old Testament = covenant relationship between God and his
"chosen people."
- Old Testament is a record of the Hebrew or Jewish people coming to
understand God and their relationship to him.
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12
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- Human understanding “evolves” through the Old Testament.
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13
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- Old Testament = 46 books.
- New Testament = 27 parts or writings.
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14
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- There is no single book of the Old or New Testament that survives as an original
or first copy.
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15
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- The oldest and most intact manuscript surviving of the Old Testament is
the Scroll of Isaiah [Qumran, Dead Sea Scroll] dating from 250-175 B.C.,
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16
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- Oldest New Testament texts which are complete come from the 4th century
A.D.
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17
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- Torah = “the law”
- Nebiyim = “the prophets”
- Ketubim = “the writings”
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18
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- Genesis
- Exodus
- Leviticus
- Numbers
- Deuteronomy
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19
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- The Former Prophets
- Joshua, Judges, 1 & 2 Samuel,1 & 2 Kings
- The Latter Prophets
- Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel
- Twelve Minor Prophets: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Malachi, Obadiah, Jonah,
Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah,
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20
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- Psalms, Proverbs, Song of Songs, Job, Ruth
- Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes)
- Lamentations
- Esther, Daniel
- Ezra-Nehemiah
- 1 & 2 Chronicles
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21
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- A total of 39 books or writings …
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22
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- Apocryphal or Deutercanonical Books
- Tobit, Judith, Wisdom of Solomon
- Sirach, Baruch
- 1 & 2 Maccabees
- Plus:
- Pieces of the Book of Esther
- Chapter 6 of Baruch
- Pieces of the Book of Daniel
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23
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- Pentateuch (5)/Hexateuch (3)
- Historical Books (13)
- Wisdom Books/Wisdom Writings (7)
- Prophetic Books (18)
- Total: 46 books or writings
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24
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- Jewish Scripture = 39 books
- Protestant Bible = 66 books
- Catholic Bible = 73 books
- Protestants & Catholics agree on the 27 writings in the New
Testament
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25
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- The Gospels
- Matthew
- Mark
- Luke
- John
- The Acts of
- the Apostles
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26
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- Textual Criticism: looks at variations in existing texts in order to
try to determine the oldest or most accurate rendition.
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27
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- Literary Criticism: looks at meanings of words, word choices, size of
vocabulary, and style of writing.
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28
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- Historical Criticism: studies backward from the text to determine
editing, original written sources, the forms or original oral pieces
that may have been drawn together.
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29
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- CANON: Greek word "kanon" Current canon of 73 books,
accepted by several Church councils beginning as early as the late
fourth century, formally accepted by the Church Universal at Council of
Trent in 1546.
- APOCRYPHA ["hidden books"].
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30
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- Principle of Correspondence attempts a word for word translation,
maintaining correct grammatical structure in the new language. [NAB
& NRSV].
- Principle of Dynamic Equivalency a clearer translation of meaning and
stronger literary style. [New Jerusalem, Catholic Living Bible.].
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31
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- What scripture says about itself ….
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32
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- "All scripture is inspired by God and is useful for teaching,
for refutation, for correction, and for training in righteousness, so
that one who belongs to God may be complete, equipped for every good
work."
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33
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- "We possess the prophetic message that is altogether
reliable.... Know this first of all, that there is no prophecy of
scripture that is a matter of personal interpretation, for no prophecy
ever came through human will; but rather human beings moved by the holy
Spirit spoke under the influence of God."
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34
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- "In times past, God spoke in partial and various ways to our
ancestors through the prophets; in these days, he spoke to us through a
son, who he made heir of all things and through whom he created the
universe."
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35
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- Church teaching on Scripture …
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36
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- The holy Roman Church "professes that one and the same God is
author of the Old and New Testaments ... because by inspiration of one
and the same Holy Spirit the saints of both covenants have spoken. She
[the Church] accepts and venerates these books ..."
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37
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- "... for God alone is the author of both [the Old Testament and the
New Testament.]"
- A backward step … start of 400 years of Catholics not reading the Bible
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38
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- … from Dei Filius, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Catholic Faith
- The books of the Old and New Testament "the Church holds to be
sacred and canonical ... because, having been written by inspiration of
the Holy Spirit, they have God for their author and have been delivered
as such to the Church."
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39
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- The pronouncement of Council of Trent was renewed:
- "Therefore no one is allowed to interpret the same Sacred Scripture
... contrary to the unanimous consent of the Fathers."
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40
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- This document condemned a long list of Modernist ideas, and made it
clear that Church teaching held that
- "God is really the author of Holy Scripture;"
- and that Divine Inspiration extends
- "to the whole of Scripture in such a way that each and every part
of it is kept free from error."
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41
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- "It is absolutely necessary for the interpreter to go back in
spirit to those remote centuries of the East, and to make proper use of
the help given by history, archeology, ethnology and other sciences, in
order to discover what literary forms the writers of those early ages
intended to use and did in fact use.
…”
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42
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- “… For, to express what they had in mind, the ancients of the East did
not always avail themselves of the same forms and expressions as we do
today; they used those that were current among people of their own time
and place."
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43
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- "It was clearly laid down ... that the first eleven chapters of
Genesis ... do nevertheless come under the heading of history; in what
exact sense, it is for the further study of the exegete to
determine. …”
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44
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- “… These chapters have a naive, symbolic way of speaking, well suited
to the understanding of primitive people. But they do disclose to use certain
important truths, upon which the attainment of our salvation depends,
and they do also give a popular description of the origin of the human
race and of the chosen people.”
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45
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- Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, [1965] The
fact of divine inspiration is reaffirmed but is expressed as a
cooperative process between God and those He employed. Although the Council continues to
insist that Scripture is free from error, inerrancy is expressed in a
new, more positive manner …
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46
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- Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation (Dei Verbum), [1965]
- … the truth of scripture is not that of natural science or profane
history, but rather
- "Truth for the sake of our salvation."
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47
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- … is a charism or supernatural grace given to the believing community
- … is given to all who collaborate in the production of the inspired
writings.
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48
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- … involves two actions: first, it enlightens the human mind to
understand religious truth & the resulting message; second, it moves
the human will to communicate that message to the community by oral or
written means. It is a
cooperative action between God and human, not one of operator and
automaton.
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49
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- The Bible is a documentary witness authorized by God. All of what is stated or reported has
a specific goal: to witness to
the unfolding character of God's revealed Word and to the response of
human beings. There is a
progressive character to this unfolding both in the divine action and
human faith.
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50
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- The Bible exists to give the foundational understanding of faith. Its inspired and normative character
is recognized by the believing community enlightened by God. In the Catholic community this
recognition by the community is validated by the authoritative statement
of the Magisterium or teaching office of the Church.
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51
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- -Writers’ original intention
- -Interpret in context
- -Recognize issue or axe being ground
- -Idioms & styles don’t always translate easily
- -View through the lens of 2000 yrs. of Christianity
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52
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- (and dust it off) how do I read
it?
- Chapter divisions were made by Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Caterbury
in 1226 … to make it easier to read.
- Verses were numbered by Robert Estienne in 1551.
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53
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- Gen. 2:4 means Book of Genesis, chapter 2, verse 4.
- Hyphen as in Gen. 2-4 means chapters 2 to 4 inclusive; as in Gen 2:4-15a
means chapter 2, verses 4 through the first half of verse 15.
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54
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- The colon separates chapter from verse, as in Gen. 1:5
- The semi colon separates two different chapter references, as in Gen. 2;
5.
- A comma separates different verses, as in Gen. 2: 5, 7, 9.
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55
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- The lower case letter f or ff after verses, as in Gen. 2:4f, meaning
Genesis, chapter 2, verse 4 and those following verses … indeterminate
number.
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56
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- Try this one:
- Gen. 2:4-6, 8; 3:5f; 4:1-6, 8
- Genesis, chapter 2, verses 4 to 6 and verse 8, then chapter 3, verse 5
and following verses; chapter 4, verses 1 through 6, and verse 8.
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57
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- The titles of chapters and sections have all been added in the past 500
years, thus First Story of Creation is an addition, not Revelation.
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58
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- Superscript numbers or asterisks and letters are used for footnotes and
cross references.
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59
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- The asterisk after the title First Creation Story refers the reader to
the first footnote at the bottom of the page.
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60
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- The superscript letter a following the word earth in verse one refers
the reader to other part of the Bible that repeat the idea in verse one.
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61
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- Translation and language difficulties.
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62
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- Mihole hauh … Ruah elohim
- Pneuma ... pneuma
- Spirit of God … mighty or divine wind … breath of God
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63
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- Structure, Literary Forms, History & Geography
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Notes
